You get to the checkout at the market, and the product you ordered 'on special' pops up at the total price. The manager needs to be called to correct it up, and what does he say?
'We have already been having issues with the computer, it gets the incorrect value o-n some things.'
You put in a summary of addresses to your Word processor, and print off celebration invitations for...
Their computer has been cursed by many for taking things too literally! It's easy to blame the computer when something goes wrong.
You reach the checkout at the market, and the item you ordered 'on special' pops up at the full cost. The director must be called to repair it up, and what does he say?
'We have now been having troubles with the computer, it gets the incorrect price on some issues.'
You put in a listing of addresses to your Word processor, and print off party invitations for in a few days. You then find that today's date has been placed in the signature block - from the computer!
Perhaps you have heard the phrase 'Garbage in Garbage out'? Some body, sooner or later instructed the computer to do what it did, It didn't decide to screw you up intentionally. Computers can only just do what they are told, they are more logical than Spock and they take everything literally.
We are going to look at why they are therefore pedantic!
The entire world around us has many elements which work-in exactly the same way as a computer. There are lots of types of opposites, as an example Up and Down, Left and Right, Forwards and Backwards. A light could be O-n or Off, perhaps it is Night or Day. Yes or No? You are able to think of many others. If it is not just one, this process of two possible states is known as a Binary System, it ought to be the other.
A pc utilizes the Binary System to perform all its functions, the basic unit, originally a vacuum tube, then a transistor, then a processor, is employed thousands of times to make the total unit. The light being O-n or Off which we stated earlier is controlled by a move. In the computer this transition can be a transistor, which can be both On or Off.
Now we arrive at the R! Do not fear, it is very easy Z/n! In fact it is so simple we just count up to at least one. Therefore we count from 0 to 1 that is right, we can only have two states. (That is one more thing computers are pedantic about, they insist on starting at zero).
The Binary process is a Number System. If you have an opinion about religion, you will probably desire to compare about visit. You're familiar with the system which includes 1-0 numbers 0 to 9 (think like a computer 0 comes first). You can make up a variety of number systems for what-ever purpose you want. You most likely find out about a dozen (1-2) and also have heard of a half dozen. You may have come across the Hexadecimal system if you have applied your computer much. That one has 16 'numerals' 0-9and A-F. Still another number system employed by computer people could be the Octal system which includes 8 numerals, 0-7.
Okay so how can we depend with only 0 and 1. Simple, in the same way you count in decimal. The first ten numbers are OK, 0-9, but what next? We start again but add in a 1 making 1-0 or 'one, zero.' This gets us to 'one, nine' and we head to 'two, zero', and therefore on as much as 'nine, nine' then we again add a 1 to generate 100 - 'one, zero, zero.'
If you have followed me so far you're ready for that Binary sequence, it is much simpler. Starting off at zero we have 0,1 - and that's it. We follow the sam-e rule and add-in a-1, making 'one,zero.' Next come 'one, one'; then 'one, zero, zero'; -'one, zero, one'; etc. These are comparable to Decimal 0,1,2,3,4,5. How does this relate to computers? That is next.
Within our computer we have transistor changes, as described above. For your math example we just viewed, we need 3 changes. These each signify a Binary Digit, or Bit. These buttons will be OFF,OFF,ON or 001, to represent a Decimal 1. To get a Decimal 5 we'd have ON,OFF,ON, or 101. By extension you can see that with 4 changes we're able to visit 1111 or 1-5 Decimal.
Still another point to note is that each binary digit, or bit, has a value. Tens, hundreds, and so on, just like in Decimal we have products. in Binary the values are 1,2,4,8,16,32,64,128 and so on. An such like. The binary code 1111 mentioned above is thus 1+2+4+8=15. If you wanted to workout what binary 100101100 was in decimal, you could add-up the individual values. Actually individuals who focus on the fundamental machines need to find out 'unit rule'! For them 1111 would be F in Hexadecimal or 1-7 in octal.
That probably seems a really long-winded way to workout figures, before you keep in mind that these 'changes' can operate at nanosecond pace or 1,000,000,000 times per 2nd, large calculations become possible.
Thats probably enough to eat up in one go. The next time we will have a look at what sort of computer adds and multiplies..
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